Metalworking machine



'Oct 29, 1946. A Q MiREL 4 METALWORKING MACHINE 5 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Deo. 25, 1942 riff OSINVEVNTOR "ARTHURM/REL.

A. G. MIREL METALWORKING MACHINE Filedv Dec. 26, 1942 5 sheets-sheet 2 wm A,

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METALWORKIG MACHINE "v Filed Deo. 26, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 IIIHIII AWA INVENTOR. ARTHUR QMIREL.

c l a Oct. 29, 1946..

A. G. MIREL.

METALWORKING MACHNE l 5 sheets-sheet 4 Filed Dec'. 26, 1942 amm Hh' wv N INVENTOR ARTHUR 6. MIREL 4x W m m N v, NN @wwlw www 3 S @H wu/ Nk m\nm1 Oct. 29, 1946. A. G. MiREl.

METALWORKING MACHINE Filed Deo. 26, 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. ARTHUR @w1/REL.

. WWW/ Patented Oct. 29, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METALWORKING MACHINE Arthur G. Mirel, New York, N. Y., assigner to Structural Planeparts, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application December 26, 1942, Serial No. 470,133

35 Claims. 1

This invention relates to apparatus for producing from angle or bar stock, predetermined lengths of structural material of the type now used in airplane construction and for similar purpose.

The prime object of the present invention is to provide a unitary organized mechanism specially designed and adapted to handle and operate on aluminum or other metallic angle sections having webs of various Width and thickness, to punch holes therein as required, to joggle the ends or intermediate portions thereof, as required, to cut olip the stock into desired lengths, to contour the length as by curving it from the straightline, and

' also to vary the angle of the stock or piece from its original angle, as desired.

A further object is to provide a machine which is capable of simultaneously juggling and piercing an angle bar.

Another object is to provide a machine capable of forming a straight length of angle bar into a curved one.

Still anothel1 object is to provide a machine capable of joggling and piercing a straight length of angle bar in one operation and thence contouring said length into curved form Without changing the angular cross-section thereof.

It is a further object to provide a machine capable of handling a straight length of angle bar and turning it out in the iorm of curved pieces pierced at predetermined points and joggled at one or both ends.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a machine having means for handling and automatically feeding a straight length of angle bar into a press capable of joggling and piercing the stock at predetermined points, and turning it out in the form of relatively short curved lengths or pieces.

Again, it is an object of the present invention to provide in such amachine means whereby the angle between the webs of the angle bar may be changed.

Other objects will appear as the description proceeds.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation of a machine embodying all the features enumerated above.

Fig. 1A is a detail showing in side view the member for guiding and supporting the stock.

Fig. 2 is a plan or top view of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view, partly in section, of the feeder.

Fig. 4 is a side View thereof, on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is an elevation enlarged and partly in section, of the punch press unit of the machine.

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are the same sections on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5, showing the punches or rams of the press in different operating positions.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional view showing in greater detail, the construction of the punch and die block and joggling member.

Fig. 9A is a detail showing a modified form of the die block member.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the block for holding the joggling member shown in perspective in Fig. 11.

Fig. 10A is an enlarged perspective of one of the piercing tools.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the joggling member.

Fig. 12 is an elevation, partly in section, of mechanism for guidingand advancing the stock or piece of angle iron after the punching operation, as Well as mechanism capable of being adjusted to cause the straight angle bar to be put out in curved form, with means, at the option of the operator, for changing the angle of the angle bar or piece.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view on the line l3-l3 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a sectional View on the line |4l4 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 15 is a sectional view on the line IE5-I5 oi Fig. 13.

Fig. 16 is a view similar to Fig. 12 showing the mechanism for curving the angle bar in position to perform such operation.

Fig. 17 is a section on the line |1-I1 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 17A is a fragmentary detached elevational View of the angle changing unit.

Fig, 18l is a sectional View on the line I8-l8 of Fig. 17,

Fig. 19 is a circuit diagram for controlling the feeding, cutting or sawing and ejecting or advancing mechanism.

Fig. 20 is a perspective View of the article as turned out by the machine showing the same with joggles at both ends and perforated along the horizontal web.

Referring to the aforesaid iigures, and for the moment to Figs. l and 2, it will be seen that my machine comprises a suitable support I upon which is mounted in proper alignment a feeder 2, a press 3, cut-off saw 4, two sets of driven rollers 5 and 5', respectively, for advancing the stock, mechanism 6 for curving or contouring the stock or piece, and mechanism 1 for changing the original angle of the bar.

The feeding mechanism 2, shown in detail in Figs. 3 and 4, comprises a casing 8 in which is disposed a piston 8a acted upon by a spring 8b to normally maintain said piston adjacent one end of said casing. Communicating with the interior of said casing is a pipe 8c connected to a compressed air tank (not shown), through which pipe is admitted, from time to time, and in the manner and for the purposes to be presently disclosed, blasts of air under pressure sufficient to advance said piston forward in the casing against the resistance of the spring. The iiow of compressed air into the casing is controlled by a solenoid-operated Valve 8d electrically connected as shown in the circuit diagram of Fig. 19. Upon the exposed end of the piston is mounted a depending arm 9 through which passes a rivet or bolt 9a upon which is pivotally mounted a pair of clamping jaws arranged to engage the horizontal web of angle bar I3. The lower jaw IjIl is maintained in normal horizontal position Y at all times, by spring leaf Il attached at one end to a stud I2 on arm S. The upper jaw ID normally rests lightly on the upper surface of the horizontal web but is forced, upon energiza- .-2

tion of the solenoid Ida, into close contact with said web whereby the angle bar will be tightly held between the said clamping jaws. The position of the solenoid IIla in Fig. 4 is symbolic only. Repulsion of the upper jaw by the said solenoid (as can be done) will accomplish the clamping operation. But the parts may be rearranged so that the clamping operation is effected by attractive force. The movement of the piston to feed the stock may be accomplished by other than pneumatic force, as conditions may require or convenience suggest. At suitable points on the platform Ia of the support, are disposed suitable members 9b, for guiding and supporting the stock (see Fig. 1A) 'to and from the feeder.

The press 3*, as most clearly illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive, compri-ses a die bed I4 mounted on platform Ia, while to said die bed is bolted the frame I5' of the punch part of the press. Passing through bearings I5 in the upper part of the frame is a shaft Il' driven by a sprocketv wheel I8 mounted on one end of said shaft. Upon said shaft are also mounted cams I9 and 29 respectively, the former consisting of identical but spaced cam elements and the latter one being disposed therebetween. Both are preferably keyed to the shaft, as shown, and all rotate with the shaft simultaneously. Cams I9 bear on the shank 2i having slidable movement in the collar Ilia of the frame I5, while cam 29 bears on coaxial shank 22 slidable in shank 2|. Shanks 2| and 22 are provided with caps 2Ia and 22a respectively for two purposes: one to take the wear, for which purpose the caps are made up of a metalv or alloy resistant to wear, while the other purpose is to enable shimming to make up for the wear. Shank 2| is part of the punch or ram 23,4 the bottom 24 of which is arranged to come down upon the joggling members 25 held in die block 26 (see Figs. 6 to 9 inclusive), and thus produce the joggles 27 in the angle bar, as most clearly shown in Fig. 20. Preferably, the bottom 2- of the ram 23 is kept in contact with the angle bar for a short period so as to hold the work down and thereby allow the piercing members 23 to perform their piercing operations satisfactorily and with accuracy. Said piercing punches 28. (Fig. 10A) are of conventional type and are attached to the elongated portion 29 integral with shank 22, by means of a dovetail, T-slot or other tongue-and-groove connection. Thus, by a substantially simultaneous operation of the rams of the press, two operations are performed upon the work at one stroke, namely, joggling and piercing. The rams are returned automatically-to top position by the springs 3i), since the ram 23 is guided on posts 3|, around which the springs 30 are positioned. Downward movement of the ram 23 by cams I9 compresses springs 30, and when the cams pass their high places the ram 23 is raised, through the action of said springs, the bottom 24 of the ram engages the bottom of the punch or ram 22-29 and raises it also.

In Figs. 5 and 6, both rams are shown in their top positions, Figs. 6, 7 and 8 being sectional views on the line 6 6, with Figs. '7 and 8 showing the rams in different operative positions. In Fig. 7, the ram 2I-23 is shown in depressed position with the piercing punch in the upper position. In Fig. 8 both rams or punches are depressed.

For a clearer understanding of how the joggling operation is performed, reference is made particularly to Figs. 5, 9, l0 and 11. As is made clear in said illustrations, the angle bar stock is guided along block 32, which, as most clearly shown in Fig. 9, has a top surface 33 upon which the horizontal web of the angle bar rests and moves along, and a groove 32a in the side thereof, in which the vertical web of the angle bar is positioned.

For the purposes ofV the present invention, it willy be found convenient to have a series of die blocks, such as the one marked 26, said die blocks being in the usual manner (not shown) held in aligned relation on the die bed. rIhose blocks of die blocks 26 which are to coact in the jogglins operation have a depressed table 32h adjacent to the normal surface of block 32. So that when the joggling member 25 (Fig. 11)v is pushed down by the bottom 2f# of the ram 2I-23, a joggle or offset will be formed in the angle piece of the nat-ure illustrated in Fig. 20. One or more springs 34 ('Fig. 9), one end of which is disposed in an opening 25av in blocks 25 and the other end of which is disposed in opening 351; in block 35', automatically elevates the joggling member to clear the way for the stock to pass on as the ram 2I-23 rises. In order to enable the joggled angle piece or stock to ciear and pass on along the die blocks, springs 32e, having their lower ends disposed in openings in block 32, bear against the bottom of the horizontal web, which lifts the said angle bar upon retraction of the ram 23.

The jogglingmember 25 is attached to block 35 bya dovetail connection (see Figs. 10 and 11), while block 35 is dovetail-connected to block 35 and dowel-connected byv dowel 35a to block 32. Block 39 is connected to block 3i by means of screw 38', while block 3lA is connected to block 43 by means of screw IIII, the end of which is positioned in the circular groove lila of the inner end Mbof screw 4I, the function of which will be described presently.

It will be observed that bloc-k 32 has a vertical bore 39 communicating with a larger horizontal bore or cavity M Bore 39 is in direct line with the piercing element of 28 andv is penetrated by it after it passes throughithe metal. The resulting slug finally finds its way down into the large horizontal bore or cavity 49, from which at some convenient time the slugs are removed'.

In order to assure the exact registry of bore 39 and piercing element 23, the screw 4I is provided, the latter passing through a threaded opening in the frame and having a circumferenis useful where holes are to be pierced in the angle bar in one of two locations. i

To the right of the press 3 is a circular saw il attached to a swinging arm lla and driven by the motor 4b. The saw is brought into position for cutting the stock at predetermined intervals into predetermined lengths i3d, following the piercing and joggling operation, the work having been advanced to this latter position by the actuation or operation of the feeder in the manner presently to be disclosed.

The length or piece of angle `bar thus created is advanced by rollers le and 49 (Fig. 1), the latter being driven by sprocket chain 5l! connected to the common drive through an electromagnetically controlled or operated clutch (not shown except diagrammatically in Fig. 19), which is out during the sawing operation and in when it is necessary to advance the work, as will be made more clear presently in connection with the discussion of the circuit diagram (Fig. 19). The

piece 13a (Figs. 12 to 18 and 20) is guided by spring-pressed rollers 52 and advanced by rollers 53 and 5A, the latter being driven by sprocket chain 55 (Fig. 12) connected to the common drive, while the former is pressed into close yielding engagement with the said piece by the spring 5G interposed between the yoke El, in which roller 53 is journalled, and piston 58, disposed in an airtight cylinder 5e, the piston 58 being arranged to be acted upon by compressed air. The desired degree of pressure upon roller 53 is supplied by varying or controlling the compressed air admitted to chamber 59. It will be understood that where the uncut stock extends beyond rollers 53-54, the rollers will be inoperative to advance the stock but will leave the stock at rest until the sawing operation has been completed. To this end, it is desirable to provide means for effectuating this purpose, and this is provided by means, made more clear by circuit diagram Fig. 19 and the discussion thereof, wherein the solenoid valve cuts off the compressed air from cylinder 59 during the sawing operation. As'shown in Figs. 1 and 19, the admission of compressed air into the chamber 59 is accomplished through the operation of the solenoid-operated valve 60a.

It will be observed that the yoke 5l with roller 53 journalled therein normally rests lightly upon the horizontal web of the angle bar and is floated in openings 51a in the side walls of bracket ti'lb, and is kept in aligned position therein by virtue of the spring 56 and the lower side walls of the bracket 51. Roller 513 is journalled in the lower arms of bracket 51h. The extreme lower end ''l'c of the arms 511) is connected by screw 51d (or any other means) to fixed plate In order to form straight piece i3d (or the straight stock, if cutting into lengths is not desired) into a curved piece, I provide an attachment 6E! which comprises a fixed plate `6| having an arcuate slot 62 in which rides screw B3 clampingly engaged between it and the lower arm of a bracket 64, the sides of which plate Bl are provided with an angular slot 65. At the upper end of bracket 64, the side walls are provided with openings 64a., in which is disposed a yoke 65a having journalled between the side arms thereof, roller Sii, resting on the horizontal web of the angle bar I3 or I 3a, as the case may be, the ends of said roller extending in the upper portion of angular slot 65. Between the arms of bracket Ell, below the roller 66, is journalled the roller 61, the ends of which are engaged in the lower portion of the angular slot 65. Between rollers 66-61, is disposed the horizontal web of the angle bar I3. It will be obvious that when the member 64 is moved away from the vertical, the axial alignment of the rollers will also be shifted or canted away from the Vertical, as shown in Fig. 16, which will cause the angle bar to be curved in its passage between said rollers. Mounted upon the shaft of roller 61 is a washer 51a, the diameter of which will vary depending upon the height of the vertical web of the angle bar and upon which the bottom of said web is adapted to rest. The yoke 65a is maintained in place by virtue of the roller @E being positioned between the sides of the bracket 64, and the screw 64b, which passes through the upper part of said bracket B4 and into the upper part of the yoke 650,. 'I'he screw 64b is also employed to depress or lower the yoke 65a and thereby increase the pressure of the roller upon the angle bar. The member or unit E4 has an opening 64o, through which can be viewed the graduated scale Gib on plate 6I, and following the arcuate slot B2. An index mark Edd on member 64 just above the opening 64e, enables one to determine and select the inclination of member `E54 and hence the degree of inclination of the rollers 66-51 and hence the radius or degree cf curvature of the angle bar. When the unit 64 is in the perpendicular position shown in Fig. 12h, the piece will come out straight. If, however, it is desired to curve the piece, unit t4 is moved to an angle to the perpendicular, as illustrated in Fig. 16. The radius of curvature can be increased or decreased by making this angle less or more, as the case may be.

In order to guide and advance the work or piece beyond the rollers 66--61, means are provided which will function to serve this purpose, regardless of the extent of curvature imposed upon the piece or work. This is accomplished by attaching to the member E4, a cQllar or sleeve E38 in which is slidably mounted shank E59 to the upper end of which is attached a collar lll upon which rests a wheel 1l mounted on shank 69. Said wheel I'I is mounted in a casing 'Ha (Fig, 15) which also contains wheel 1lb, both wheels being adapted to engage the vertical web of the work or piece. Screw llc is employed to regulate the pressure imposed on roller 1lb, and hence the degree of pressure upon said web between rollers 'll and Hb. The shank 69 is connected through a universal joint 12a to shaft 12, which is in turn slidably splined in extension 12b (see Fig. 1), the latter being in turn connected through a universal joint 12o, to arm 13, coupled to gear 13a (shown as a gear box in Fig. 1) driven from the common drive. This linkage enables the shank 69, and hence the wheel 'll mounted thereon, to be rotated. Thus, as the unit E4 is inclined or moved the shank 69 is inclined with it, and so aretheV rollers 'll-1lb, the shaft 'l2 being free to move on the spline. It will, therefore, be apparent that in changing the inclination of unit 64, the desired radius of curvature will be effected without doing more. Extremely sharp curvatures may require adjustment of the shaft 12, but this factor will also be determined by the height of the vertical web of the work or piece.

Also mounted on the member 64-is an attachment 14 comprising a plate 1-5 provided with parallel vertical slots 16, through which pass screws 11 which connect the said plate to said member. A threaded rod 18, engaged at its upper end in the sleeve extension 19 of the socket 80, extends through internally threaded spaced collars 8l afxed to the plate 15, and a hexagonal nut 81a with which is integral a knurled portion Blb enabling one to turn the same with ones fingers. Said member Bia-Sib is positioned between collars 8l, and when turned, causes the threaded rod 18 to be raised or lowered. The socket 80 engages balls 82 (Figs. 17 and 18), and is connected by screws 83, to a pair of jaws 84, carrying or housing a pair of spaced horizontal rollers 85. The said jaws 84 are connected to each other at one end by screw tta, while the upper jaw member is pivotally connected through pivot 8'6 to a plate 15a sandwiched between plates 64 and 15. The rollers S engage between them the horizontal web of the work or piece I3 while the vertical web thereof is disposed between plates and 15a. It will now be seen that when the rod 18 is raised, while plates 15-15a remain stationary, upper jaw 18 will pivot on 86 to assume an inclined position. Since the lower jaw and rollers 85 moved with the upper jaw as a unit (excepting, of course, the rotation of the rollers), they will all assume an inclined position, to form an obtuse angle with xed plates 1'5-15a, when the rod 18 is raised, and an acute angle when the rod 18 is lowered. Since the Vertical web of the piece i3d is clamped between plates 15 and 15a, and free to move only in the direction of its length, the effect of inclining the said rollers will be to change the original angle of the piece or stock.

The entire attachment 14 may be arranged to float vertically with respect to the adjustable back plate 64 so that as a joggled piece of angle bar is passing through between the rollers 85, the attachment 14 will be free to move upwardly to avoid damage to the offset portion. It will be apparent,` however, that no change in the angle of the piece can take place where the rollers are normal to the straight piece or the radius of curvature of the curved piece. It is one of the virtues of this angle-changing mechanism that when it; is not functioning to change the angle of the work or piece, it, nevertheless, participates in guiding the work or piece along to final ejection. This is also true of the mechanism for curving the 'straight pieces or stock; whether it is adjusted to curve the piece or stock or not, it always acts to guide the work or piece along.

It should be observed that the attachment 14, being attached to member 64, is inclined or moved with it, so that when the curving mechanism is changed in its inclination, the attachment will also automatically move with it. Obviously, it is possible to change the angle without at the same time curving the piece and vice versa.

Fig. 18 shows the expedient employed for accommodating the joggle in the piece while passing through the rollers 85. It may be desirable at times, to have the joggle or offset at an angle other than right angles to the vertical web 13a. In such case, provision is made for the rollers to swing with respect to their holders or jaws 84, and this is made possible by disposing said rollers in gullies 86 in gully-blocks 86a which, themselves, are freely rotatable on a Vertical axis in ther jaws 84.

Referring to circuit diagram (Fig. 19), it will be seen that the solenoids or electromagnets connected respectively with the compressed air valve 8d, associated with the feeder 2, the solenoid 18a actuating the clamping jaws I9 thereof, the solenoid associated with the solenoid-operated valve 60a for controlling the input of compressed air into the chamber 59, and the electromagnetic means for operating the clutch associated with sprocket chain 59, are all connected in series through an arcuate contact 90 and switch or Wiper arm 9| of switch 92, while the motor 4b is connected to the power source through the arcuate contact 93 and switch arm 9i. The said switch 92 may be mounted at any suitable point on the machine, a convenient place to mount it being directly on the shaft l1 or in proximity thereto. Either the disc 94 or the switch arm 9i of the switch may remain stationary while the other is rotating. 'I'he solenoids including the one for the clutch, are connected in series so that should failure occur in operation in the advanced solenoids, all solenoids will be disconnected so as to avoid work being fed through the feeder and so on, while advanced parts of the machine are clogged up or at a standstill. The motor is operated through a separate circuit so that no movement of the stock will take place while the sawing operation is going on.

In operation, the device works as follows:

As already pointed out, the machine of my invention has been designed to perform certain operations on angle bars, particularly of aluminum, the machine being provided with the necessary means to joggle, pierce, curve and vary the angle of the angle bar worked on, in one pass of the work through the machine, or with the aforesaid means present in their assigned positions or stations to perform only one or less than all of Y the operations above enumerated, upon said work.

That is, the parts can be so aligned that, say, only the joggling and piercing operations are performed while the curving and angle-bending or changing members are adjusted to pass on the work or piece without accomplishing either. Or, the pressI operation may be tooled to perform either the joggling operation or the piercing operation. If joggling is omitted and only piercing accomplished, the stock can be passed on through without more, with or without cutting the stock or length of angle bar into predetermined lengths or pieces. In the latter instance, the saw will' be immobilized by disconnecting the motor from the circuit. Again, whether the stock has been joggled or pierced or both, and whether it has been cut into predetermined lengths, joggled and/ or pierced, the said stock or piece, as the case may be, as already stated, may be passed on and through without more, or it can be subjected to both curving and anglechanging operations or to either. In each and all' cases, the various mechanisms associated with the said curving and angle-changing components of the machine participate in the advance of the work or piece through the machine, whether such components accomplish respectively the functions of curving and angle-changing or not, since in any case, the work is guided through them, asV explained during the description of the figllleS.

Astock into the press.

arm will engage arcuate contact Si).

Sprocket chains 18a, 5U, 55, and universally connected shaft 'l2 are connected to the common drive 95 (Fig. 1). The speed of feeding and advancing the work will depend to a very large extent upon the speed of operation of the press, and this in turn will depend upon the speed of rotation of cams lf2-2li driven by sprocket chain Ita. This can be regulated by adjusting the speed or rotation or" the motor of the main drive 95, or the ratio of the diameters of the respective sprocket wheels. With respect to rollers 49, 54, and 7|, driven, respectively, through sprocket chains 50, 55 and linkage l2, the speed of rotation thereof will be largely conditioned upon the speed required to properly curve and angle-change the work or piece. Where these last two operations are omitted, the work can be shot through at a higher speed. In any case, the advance of the work beyond the cutting saw should be at least as rapid as the feed of the The rapidity of the feed of the stock will, to a very large degree, depend upon the rapidity with which the press operates, and will be governed thereby.

In any case, the length of angle bar stock is brought up to a predetermined point of the machine, said point being preferably between the press and the inner end of guide bracket 8b.

l The horizontal web of the angle bar is first preierably disposed in guide brackets 9b, and clamp- 'ing jaws IU before starting the machine, and the feeder will have been so adjusted that movement of the piston 8a will advance the work a predetermined amount or increment. This advance, when the stock is to be cut into given equal lengths, should be such as to bring the inner end of the stock up to the circular saw and the increment feed under the circumstances, should correspond to the distance between the circular saw and a point equallydistant from theother side of the press.

Now, assuming the stock to be aligned in brackets b, as aforesaid, the main switch is thrown. Cams Id-Z, which have been previously set so that the pressing operation will occur at the proper interval, as they go round, depress rams Zi-ZB and 722-29, and then release them.

The switch 92 (Fig. 19) is so set that at least for an appreciable part of the time that the cams lare depressing the rams, the movement of the i lstock will be at a standstill, at least up to the point o1"- the rollers (t-61. As the rams ascend, the switch 32 will be so arranged that the wiper This will cause the solenoid valve 8d to open and admit the compressed air into the casing 8 to push the plunger 8a against the resistance of the spring 8b. At the same time, electromagnet Illa will be energized to cause the clamping jaws IB to firmly grasp the stock, with the Vresult that the stock will be advanced (depending upon the extent of thrust of piston Bat-which can be regulated). As the wiper arm leaves the contact Sil, solenoids 8d, lila (as well as the solenoid of 86a and 'the electromagnet controlling the clutch) are de-energized, and the movement of the stock is stopped. Upon the wiper varm coming into engagement with contact Q3 the sawing operation comrnences and continues for the necessary period, to effect complete cutting through lof the stock. Obviously, during this cutting operation, lthe rams of the press are still in movement, and if the speed and parts are adjusted properly, the pressingoperation will be effected very shortly after the saw hasswung back td 10 inoperative position. The effective press stroke takes place during the interval represented by the gap between contacts 93-9l), roughly speaking. On the uprise of the rams, wiper arm 9| again engages contact 90 to advance the stock, etc. In' the meantime, the piece which had been cut on, has been advanced by rollers iB-49 during the period that solenoid 8b was last energized, since at the same time that the latter was energized, the electromagnet which controls the clutch operatively connecting said rollers 48-49 `to the main drive, was also energized, both solenoids being in the same circuit and controlled by the same switch. The said piece is advanced, through guide rollers 52, to rollers 53-54, which are so arranged as to be effective in advancing the piece further only when roller 53 is imposed upon by the plunger 58 (Fig. 12), which is the case when the solenoid llb of solenoid-operated valve Ella is energized, admitting compressed air into the cylinder 59. Solenoid 65D is connected in circuit with the aforementioned clutch and solenoids as a matter of convenience, as well as simplicity,

After the piece enters the rollers (i6-61, it is advanced by wheels (rollers) ll-lb (Fig.

i through rollers 85.

As already stated, the straight length of angle bar stock or piece after emerging from between rollers 53-54, may continue on through unchanged or be curved and/or angle-changed. Curvature of the stock or piece is accomplished by moving the unit 64 to a position inclined from the perpendicular. Shank 69, which, of course, is a part of unit 64, is also inclined, and this inclination (including that of the rollers or wheels 'l |--Hb) is to bring the said rollers normal to the curvature of the piece or stock. Where necessary, shank 69 and rollers or wheels ll-'Hb may be raised the required amount in the manner already described. Equally, rod 18 and attachment 'M assume a like inclination to the same end, and the attachment may be raised in accordance with the extent of the curvature of the stock or piece. By raising `or lowering the rod lg, the inclination of the rollers -85 may be changed from an angle normal to the radius of curvature to one beyond the normal.

press, means for reciprocating the press to joggle the stock between said dies, means operative when the press is raised to elevate the stock to permit the joggled portion of the stock to pass by the lower die, means for cutting the pressworked. portion of stock into lengths equal to the fed increments, means for advancing said lengths, and electrically controlled means including a switch for eiectuating the operation of said feeding-advancing means and said cutting means sequentially.

2. In a machine, means for changing the angle of an angle bar comprising a unit attached to a fixed part of said machine, said unit having a pair of rollers for engaging the horizontal web of said angle bar and disposed in a housing therefor, said housing constituting a part of said unit and being pivotally connected at one end to one part of said unit and ball-and-socket connected to a vertically adjustable member alsoconstituting a part or said unit, whereby vertical adjust- 11 ment of said last-named member will cause the angular relation of the housing and the part to which it is pivotally connected to be changed, Xed guide means for the vertical web of said bar, said pair of rollers being mounted in gullies and free to move laterally with respect to each other to permit passing of the joggled portion of angle bar without deformation of the joggle.

3. A machine for turning out pierced and joggled angle pieces from a length of angle bar, which comprises in combination a machine bed, means on said bed for advancing a bar of stock, means on said bed for sequentially joggling and piercing a pre-determined portion of the stock, means on said bed for cutting the thus processed stock. into pre-determined lengths, means for again actuating said advancing means to advance the processed portion a predetermined distance, and mechanism for operating all of said means in timed sequence.

4. A machine for turning out pierced and joggled angle pieces, from a length of angle bar, which comprises in combination a machine bed, means on said bed for automatically advancing angle bar stock in pre-determined increments, means for sequentially joggling and piercing a pre-determined length of said stock, means for cutting said length from the stock, means for actuating said advancing means to advance the cut length of said stock, means for curving the latter, and mechanism constructed and arranged to operate all of said means in succession.

5. A machine for turning out pierced and joggled angle pieces, from a length of angle bar, which comprises in combination a machine bed, means on said bed for automatically advancing angle bar stock in pre-determined increments, means for sequentially joggling and piercing a pre-determined length of said stock, means for cutting said length from the stock, means for again actuating said advancing means to advance the processed portion of said stock, an inclinable pair of jaws connected to said machine for changing the original angle of the cutl length, and mechanism constructed and arranged to operate all of said means in succession.

v6. A machine for turning out pierced and joggled angle pieces, from a straight length of angle bar stock, including in combination a press having joggle and piercing dies and arranged to sequentially joggle and pierce the bar in successive lengths, a saw on said machine adjacent said dies for cutting the thus processed stock into pre-determined lengths after it passes the dies, and a pair of inclinable rollers carried by said machine adjacent the saw to curve the said lengths, and feeder means for intermittently advancing the stock successively between the dies of the press, past the saw, and between the said rollers.

7. A machine for turning out pierced and joggled angle pieces, from a length of angle bar, including in combination a press having joggle and piercing dies and arranged to sequentially joggle and pierce the bar in successive lengths,

and an inclinable pair of jaws associated with Y 12 of angle bar, including in combination a press having juggle and piercing dies and arranged to substantially simultaneously joggle and pierce the bar in successive lengths, feeder means for intermittently advancing the angle bar between the dies of the press, a saw for cutting the thus processed stock into pre-determined lengths after it passes the dies, a pair of inclinable rollers to curve the said lengths, and an inclinable pair of jaws connected to said machine for changing the original angle of the lengths of stock.

9. In a metal working machine for operating on angle bar stock, a base, a lower die-block secured to said base and comprising a base block, a second block longitudinally slidably adjustably interengaged with said base block and extending vertically thereabove, said second block having a shouldered extension running longitudinally thereof, an upper joggling die vertically slidably interengaged with said second block above the shouldered extension thereof, spring means between the shouldered extension and said die to maintain said joggling die normally yieldingly apart from said shouldered extension, said joggling die being of inverted L-shaped cross-section with its horizontal leg extending to overlie the part of the stock which is to be joggled, a lower joggling die adjustably positioned on said base block and below the horizontal leg of the upper joggling die and adjusted to cooperate with said upper joggling die to form a joggle on work between the dies, the upper horizontal surface of the lower joggling die along which the work may be fed having a shouldered depression in said surface into which the material from the work may be forced to form the joggle, spring means adapted to raise the joggled portion to the level of the die surface to permit the work to pass onto the next operation, means to adjust the position of the die block transversely of the base, said lower die-block having a recess through which the vertical web of the angle stock may slide, and means to depress the upper joggling die onto the stock to form a joggle.

10. In a metal working machine for operating on angle bar stock, the combination with a supporting bed of adjustably positioned joggling dies and adjustably positioned piercing dies, a pair of vertically reciprocating rams, one of said rams adapted to cooperate with the joggling dies and the other cf said rams carrying adjustably positioned punches to cooperate with the piercing dies, said rams being constructed and arranged to operate substantially simultaneously to bring. the joggling dies together to joggle and hold the work between the dies while the piercing dies are Operated, means for advancing the bar stock between the cooperating dies in pre-determined increments, said latter means comprising stockgripping jaws, a piston rod for carrying on one end thereof the said stock-gripping jaws, a piston on the -other end of said piston rod, a cylinder within which said piston operates, iluid pressure means to move the piston in one direction, a spring to retract said piston, and valve means t0 control the admission of iluid to the cylinder.

l1. In a metal working machine for operating on angle bar stock, the combination with a supporting bed of adjustably positioned joggling dies .and adjustably positioned piercing dies, a pair of vertically reciprocating rams, one of said rams adapted to cooperate with the joggling dies and the other of said rams carrying adjustably positioned punches to cooperate with the piercing dies, said rams being constructed and arranged to operate substantially simultaneously to bring the joggling dies together to joggle and hold the work between the dies while the piercing dies are operated, means for advancing the bar stock between the cooperating dies in pre-determined increments, said latter means comprising stock-gripping jaws, a piston rod for carrying on one end thereof the said stock-gripping jaws, a piston on the other end of said piston rod, a cylinder Within which said piston operates, fluid pressure means to move the piston in one direction, a spring to retract said piston, valve means to control the admission of fluid to the cylinder, means for cutting off the press-worked stock from the angle bar in lengths equal to said increments, a contouring mechanism through which the joggled stock must pass, and means for advancing the joggled length through said mechanism Without distorting the joggled portions, and means for operating the rams of the press, the feeding means, the cut-off means, and the contouring mechanism in timed sequence. Y

12. In a metal working machine for operating on angle bar stock, the combination with a supporting bed of adjustably positioned joggling dies and adjustably positioned piercing dies, a pair of vertically reciprocating rams, one of said rams adapted to cooperate with the joggling dies and the other of said rams carrying adjustably positioned punches to cooperate with the piercing dies, said rams being constructed and arranged to operate substantially simultaneously to bring the joggling dies together to joggle and hold the work between the dies while the piercing dies are operated, means for advancing the bar stock between the cooperating dies in pre-determined increments, said latter means comprising stock-gripping jaws, a piston rod for carrying on one end thereof the said stock-gripping jaws, a piston on the other end of said piston rod, a cylinder within which said piston operates, uid pressure means to move the piston in one direction, a spring to retract said piston, valve means to' control the admission of fluid to the cylinder, means for cutting off the press-worked stock from the angle bar in lengths equal to the said increments, a contouring mechanism through which the joggled stock must pass, means for advancing the joggled length through said mechanism without distorting the joggled portions, angle changing mechanism through which the joggled stock must pass, means'for advancing the joggled length of stock through said last named mechanism, means in said mechanism for permitting the joggled portions to pass without distortion thereof, and means for operating the rams of the press, the feeding means, the cut-off means, the contouring mechanism, and the angle changing mechanism in timed sequence.

1.3. A machine of the class described comprising in combination means' for feeding angle bar stock in predetermined increments, a press for working upon said stock, adjustably positioned upper and lower cooperating joggling dies in said press, means for reciprocating the press to joggle the stock between said dies, means operative when the press is raised to elevate the stock to allow the joggled portion to pass by the lower die, means on said press adjacent the dies for cutting the press-worked portion of stock into lengths equal to the fed increments, means on said press for advancing said lengths and for effectuating the operation of said feeding-advancing means and said cutting means sequentially.

14. In a machine, means for curving straight lengths of angle bar stock selectively upwardly or downwardly in a single plane, said means comprising a xed plate, a member inclinable on said xed plate, said plate-having two guide slots angularly disposed relative to each other, a pair of rollers between which the stock is fed, the roller opposite to the direction the stock is to be curved being arranged to engage the stock, each said roller having its end disposed in one of said slots, said slots being adapted to permit the rollers to assume laterally oiset positions relative to a line joining the centers of said rollers when the inclinable member is in vertical position.

l5. A machine for turning out pierced and joggled angle pieces from a length of angle bar stock which comprises in combination a machine bed, means on said bed for' automatically advancing said stock in predetermined increments, means on said bed for sequentially joggling and piercing a predetermined length of said stock during. a lull of the advancing means, means on said bed adjacent the joggling and piercing means, for cutting said length from the stock during said lull, means on said bed adjacent the cutting means, for curving the stock, means on said bed for again actuating said advancing means to advance the processed portion of said stock through said curving means, means on said bed adjacent said curving means for changing or correcting the original angle of the cut length of stock, means on said bed for again actuating the advancing means to feed the stock through the angle changing means and mechanism constructed land arranged to operate all of said means in succession.

16. In a metal working machine for operating on angle bar stock, the combination with a supporting bed of adjustably positioned joggling dies and adjustably positioned piercing dies carried by said bed, a pair of vertically reciprocating rams, one of said rams adapted to cooperate with the joggling dies and the other of said rams carrying adjustably positioned punches to cooperate with the piercing dies, said rams being constructed and arranged to operate substantially simultaneously to bring the joggling dies together to joggle and hold the work between the dies while the piercing dies are operated, and means on said bed for advancing the bar stock between the joggling andpiercing dies in predetermined increments.

17. In a machine for turning out pierced and joggled pieces from a length of bar stock of structural shapes, the combination with a press, of a pair of rams telescopically operable one within the other, a machine bed, a die block adjustably positioned on said bed, piercing dies adjustably positioned on said die block, adjustably positioned piercing punches carried by the inner of said rams for cooperation with the piercing dies, a pressure yoke carried by the outer of said rams, said piercing punches operating through said yoke and independently thereof, joggling dies adjustably positioned in said die block and said joggling dies comprising upper and lower formers, the upper former being yieldingly supported above the lower former to provide a space between the two ormers through which stock to be processed may pass, means to operate said rams to bring the pressure yoke down upon the upper former to joggle the stock and to hold the stock in clamped condition between the former-s; to bring the piercing punches down to pierce the stock; to withdraw the piercing punches and then to elevate the pressure yoke to release the stock, and means to feed the stock between the audace l upper and lower formers in predeterminedV increments.

18. In a machine for turning out pierced and joggled pieces from a length of bar stock of structural shapes, the combination with a press of a pair of rams telescopically operable one within the other, a machine bed, a die block adjustably positioned on said bed, piercing dies adjustably positioned on said die block, adjustably positioned piercing punches carried by the inner of said rams for cooperation with the piercing dies, a pressure yoke carried by the outer of said rams, said piercing punches operating through said yoke and independently-thereof, joggling dies adjustably positioned in said die block and said joggling dies comprising upper and lower formers, the upper former being yieldingly supported above the lower former to provide a space between the two for l-- ers through which stock to be processed may pass, means to operate said rams to bring the pressure yoke down upon the upper former to joggle the stock and to hold the stock in clamped condition between the formers; to bring the piercing punches down to pierce the stock; to withdraw the piercing punches and then to elevate the pressure yoke to release the stock, and means to feed the stock between the upper and lower formers in predetermined increments, a saw on said machine for cutting the thus processed stock into predetermined lengths, and means controlled by the press-operating means for rendering the saw operative to cut the stock while the pressure yoke is holding the stock in clamped condition.

19. In a machine for turning out pierced and joggled pieces from a length of bar stock of structural shapes, the combination with a press of a pair of rams telescopically operable one within the other, a machine bed, a die block adjustably positioned on said bed, piercing dies adjustably positioned on said die block, adjustably positioned piercing punches carried by the inner of said rams for cooperation with the piercing dies, a pressure yoke carried by the outer of said rams, said piercing punches operating through said yoke and independently thereof, joggling dies adjustably positioned in said die block and said joggiing dies comprising upper and lower formers, the upper former being yieldingly supported above the lower former to provide a space between the two foi-mers through which stock to be processed may pass, means to operate said rams to bring the pressure yoke down upon the upper former to joggle the stock and to hold the stock in clamped condition between the formers;

to bring the piercing punches down to pierce the stock; to withdraw the piercing punches and then to elevate the pressure yoke to release the stock, and means to feed the stock between the upper and lower formers in predetermined increments, and means on said machine controlled by the press-operating means for cutting the thus processed stock in predetermined lengths while the pressure yoke is holding the stock in clamped condition.

2). In a machine for turning out pierced and joggled pieces from a length of bar stock of structural shapes, the combination with a press of a pair of rams telescopically operable one within the other, a machine bed, a die block adjustably positioned on Said bed, piercing dies adjustably positioned o-n said die block, adjustably positioned piercing punches carried by the inner of said rams for cooperation with the piercing dies,

a pressure yoke carried by the outer of said rams,

said piercing punches operating through said yoke and independently thereof, joggling dies adjustably positioned in said die block and said joggling dies comprising upper and lower formers, the upper former being yieldingly supported above the lower former to provide a space between the two formers through which stock to be processed may pass, means to operate said rams to bring the pressure yoke down upon the upper former to joggle the stock and to hold the stock in clamped condition between the formers; to bring the piercing punches down to pierce the stock; to withdraw the piercing punches and then to elevate the pressure yoke to release the stock, means operative when the pressure yoke is raised to elevate the stock to allow the joggled portion to pass by the lower former, and means to feed the stock between the upper and lower formers in predetermined increments.

21. A machine for turning out pierced and joggled angle pieces from a straight length of angle bar, including in combination a press having joggle and piercing dies arranged to substantially simultaneously joggle and pierce the bar in successive lengths, feeder means for intermittently advancing the angle bar between the dies of the press and therebeyond, and a saw on said machine adjacent said dies and operative during a lull of the feeding means, for cutting off the thus processed stock in predetermined lengths.

22. A machine for turning out joggled and pierced angle pieces from a straight length of angle bar, including in combination a press having joggle and piercing dies arranged to substantially simultaneously joggle and pierce the bar in successive lengths, feeder means for intermittently advancing the angle bar between the dies of the press and therebeyond, a saw on said machine adjacent said dies and operative during a lull of the feeder means for cutting the thus processed stock in predetermined lengths, and a pair of inclinable rollers carried by said machine adjacent the saw to curve the said lengths.

23. In a metal working machine for operating on angle bar stock, the combination with a supporting bed of adjustably positioned normally spaced apart upper and lower joggling dies and adjusta'bly positioned piercing dies, a pair of vertically reciprocating rams, one of said rams adapted to cooperate with the joggling dies and the other of said vrams carrying adjustably positioned I.punches to cooperate with the piercing dies, said rams being constructed and arranged to operate substantially simultaneously to bring the joggling dies together to joggle and hold the work between said dies while the punches are operated, and means for intermittently advancing the bar stock between the upper and lower dies in predetermined increments.

`2i. In a joggling and piercing press, means to feed bar stock intermittently in predetermined increments, means for severing a predetermined length from said bar during a lull of said feeding means, joggling and piercing dies arranged in said press to substantially simultaneously joggle and pierce the stock, means for stripping the stock from the piercing punches, a contouring device on said press and means to advance the severed processed length out from between the dies and through said contouring device.

25. In a joggling and piercing press, means to feed bar stock intermittently in predetermined increments, means for severing a predetermined length from said bar during a lull of said feeding means, joggling and piercing dies arranged gled stock must pass, means for advancing the joggled length of stock through said last named mechanism, said mechanism having means for permitting the joggled portions to lpass without distortion thereof, and means for operating the rams of the press, the feeding means, the cutoif means, and the angle-changing mechanism` all in timed sequence. Y

26. In a joggling and piercing press,means to feed bar stock intermittently in predetermined increments, means operative during a lull of said feeding means for severing a predetermined length from said stock, joggling and piercing dies arranged in said press to substantially simultaneously joggle and pierce the stock, means for stripping the stock from the piercing punches after the stock has been pierced,` a contouring device, means to advance the stock out from Ibetween the dies and through said contouring device, ,angle-changing mechanism through which the joggled stock must pass, said means including an inclinable pair of jaws connected to said machine for changing the original angle of the lengths of stock, and means in the said mechanism for permitting the joggled portions to pass without distortion thereof, means for advancing the joggled length of stock through said anglechanging mechanism, and means for operating the rams of the press, the feeding means, the cut-01T means, the contouring mechanism, and the angle-changing mechanism all in timed' sequence, 4

27. In a joggling and piercing press for operating on work of structural shapes, joggling dies and piercing dies adjustably' positioned in said press and constructed and arranged to substantially simultaneously joggle and pierce said work, feeding means for intermittently advancing said work into the press and out of the press, angle-changing mechanism through which the joggled work must pass, means for advancing the joggled work through said last-named mechanism, means in the said mechanism for permitting the joggled portions to pass without distortion thereof, and means for operating the rams of the press, the feeding means, and the anglechanging mechanism in timed sequence.

28. In a joggling and piercing press for operating on work of structural shapes, joggling dies and piercing dies adjustably positioned in said press and constructed and arranged to substantially simultaneously joggle and pierce said Work, feeding means for intermittently advancing said 29.-In a machine, means for changing the -angle of an angle bar comprising a unit floatingly attached to a Xed part of saidr machine, said unit having a pair of rollers for engaging the horizontal web of said angle bar, a housingin which the rollers are disposed, said housing constituting a part of said unit `and being pivotally .connected at one end to one part of said unit and ball-and-socket connected to a'vertically adjustable member also constituting a part of said unit, `whereby vertical `adjustment vof said last-named member will cause the angular relation of the housing and the part to which it is pivotally connectedto `be changed, iixed guide means for the vertical web of said bar, said pair of rollers being mounted in gullies in said housing and free to move laterally with respect to each other to permitpassing of a joggled portion of angle bar without deformation of the joggle.

30. In a metal working machine for operating onstock of structural shapes, the combination with a supporting bed of adjustably positioned juggling dies and adjustably positioned piercing dies, said juggling dies comprising an upper and a lower die, the upper die being yieldingly supported above the lower die to .provide a space between them through which` the stockl to be processed may be passed, a pair of vertically reciprocating rams, one of said rams adapted to cooperate with the joggling dies and the other of said rams carrying adjustably positioned piercing punches to cooperate with the piercing dies, said rams being constructed and arranged to operate substantially simultaneously tobring the jugglingV dies together to jcggle and hold the work between them while the piercing dies are operated, and means for intermittently advancing the stock between the upper and lower dies.

31. In a metal working machine for operating on bar stock of structural shapes, the combination with a supporting bed of adjustably positioned juggling dies and adjustably positioned piercing dies, said joggling dies comprising an upper and a lower die, the upper die being yieldingly supported above the lower die to provide a cooperate with the joggling dies and theother of s space between them through which the stock to be processed may be passed, a pair of vertically reciprocating rams, one of said rams adapted to said rams carrying adjustably positioned piercing punches to cooperate with the piercing dies, said rams being constructed and arranged to operate substantially simultaneously to bring the joggling dies together to joggle and hold the work between them while the piercing dies are opero0 to said increments, a contouring mechanism work into the press and out of the press. a conthrough which the joggled stock must pass, means for advancing the joggled length through said mechanism without distorting the joggled portions thereof, and means for operating the press, the feeding means, the cut-off means and the contouring mechanism all in timed sequence.

32. In a metal working machine for operating on bar stock of structural shapes, the combination with a, supporting bed of adjustably positioned joggling dies and adjustably hpositioned piercing dies, said joggling dies comprising an upper and a lower die, the upper die being yieldingly supported above the lower die to provide a space between them through which the stock to l be processed may be passed, a pair of vertically 19 reciprocating rams, one of said rams adapted to cooperate with the joggling dies and the other of said rams carrying adjustably positioned piercing punchesv to cooperate with the piercing dies, said rams being constructed and arranged to operate substantially simultaneously to bring the joggling dies Atogether to joggle and hold the work between themwhile the piercing dies are operated, means for intermittently advancing the stock between the upper and lower dies `in predetermined increments,l means for cutting off the press-worked stock from the bar in lengths equal to said increments, a contouring mechanism through which the ioggled stock must Pass, means for advancing the joggled length through said mechanism without distorting the joggled portions thereof, angle-changing mechanism through which the joggled stock must pass, 'means for advancing the joggled length of stock through said last-named mechanism, means in said mechanism for permitting the joggled portions to pass without distortion thereof, and means for operating the press, the feeding means, the cut-oli? means and the contouring mechanism and the angle-changing mechanism all in timed sequence.

33. In a metal working machine for operating on bar stock of structural shapes, a base, a lower die-block secured to said base and comprising a base block, a second block longitudinally slidably adjustably interengaged with said base block and extending vertically thereabove, said second block having a shouldered extension running longitudinally thereof, an upper joggling die vertically slidably interengaged with said second block above the shouldered extension thereof, spring means between the shouldered extension and said die to maintain said joggling die normally yieldingly apart from said shouldered extension, said juggling die being of inverted L-shaped cross-section with its horizontal leg extending to overlie the part of the stock which is to be joggled, a. lower juggling die adjustably positioned on said base block and below the horizontal leg of the upper joggling die and adjusted to cooperate with said upper joggling die to form a joggle on work between the dies, the upper horizontal surface of the lower joggling die along which the work may be fed having a shouldered depression in said surface into which the material from the work may be forced to'form the juggle, means Vdie-block secured to said base and comprising a base block, a second block longitudinally slidably adjustably interengaged with said base block and extending vertically thereabove, said second block having a shouldered extension running longitudinally thereof, an upper joggling die vertically slidable interengaged with said second block above the shouldered lextension thereof, means to facilitate separation of the upper and lower joggling dies, said upper joggling die being of in- Verted L-shapecl cross-section with its horizontal leg extending to overlie the part of the stock which is to be joggled, a lower joggling die adjustably positioned on said base block and below the horizontal leg of the upper joggling die and adjusted to cooperate with said upper joggling die 'to form a joggle on work between the dies, the

upper horizontal surface of the lower joggling die along which the work may be fed havingA a shouldered depression in said surface into which the material from the work may be forced to form the joggle, spring means adapted to raise the joggled portion to the level of the die surface to permit the work to pass on to the next operation, means to adjust the position of the die block transversely of the base, said lower die-block having a recess through which .the verti-cal web ofthe angle stock may slide, and means to depress the upper joggling die onto the stock to form a joggle.

35. A machine for turning out pierced and joggled pieces from a length of bar stock of structural shapes, which comprises a machine bed, means on said bed for advancing the stock and means on said bed for sequentially joggling the stock, retaining the stock clamped against movement, piercing the stock, withdrawing the piercing punches from the pierced stock and releasing the clamping means to permit the stock to advance, and mechanism constructed and arranged for operating all said means in timed sequence.

ARTHUR G. MIREL. 

